Hungerford & Volk · 1990
Measures environmental sensitivity — a predisposition to take an interest in learning about and caring for the environment, often rooted in formative childhood experiences with nature. Environmental sensitivity is considered a foundational variable in models of responsible environmental behavior (Hungerford & Volk, 1990), preceding the development of environmental knowledge, attitudes, and action skills. The ESS assesses the degree to which individuals have developed a personal sensitivity to environmental issues, typically through direct nature experiences, significant life experiences, or role models.
Hungerford, H. R., & Volk, T. L. (1990). Changing learner behavior through environmental education. Journal of Environmental Education, 21(3), 8–21.
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