Kals & Ittner · 2003
Measures the degree to which individuals feel affection, care, and emotional attachment specifically toward animals and plants as distinct aspects of the natural world. Developed to assess biophilia — the innate human tendency to affiliate with other living organisms (Wilson, 1984) — through separate subscales for animals and plants. The animal subscale assesses emotional bonds with both wild and domestic animals, while the plant subscale assesses appreciation for and attachment to plant life including trees, flowers, and vegetation. Useful for understanding the differential psychology of human relationships with different types of living organisms.
Kals, E., & Ittner, H. (2003). Children's environmental identity: Indicators and behavioral impacts. In S. Clayton & S. Opsotow (Eds.), Identity and the natural environment (pp. 135–157). MIT Press.
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