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Ecological WorldviewNEP-1978✓ Validated
Dunlap–Van Liere New Environmental Paradigm Scale
Dunlap & Van Liere · 1978
Overview
The original 12-item scale measuring endorsement of the New Environmental Paradigm — the belief that humans are part of nature and subject to ecological limits. Developed as a counterpoint to the Dominant Social Paradigm and widely used as a foundational measure of pro-ecological worldview before the 2000 revision.
Measure Details
Number of Items12 items
Response Scale5-point Likert (1 = Strongly Disagree, 5 = Strongly Agree)
Author(s)Dunlap & Van Liere
Year Published1978
Internal Reliabilityα = .81
DomainEcological Worldview
Citation
Dunlap, R. E., & Van Liere, K. D. (1978). The "new environmental paradigm." Journal of Environmental Education, 9(4), 10–19.
Keywords
ecological paradigmworldviewdominant social paradigmoriginal NEPbeliefslimits to growth
Use This Measure
Free to use for research and educational purposes. Please cite the original authors.
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At a Glance
Items12
Year1978
Reliabilityα = .81